Haydar Paşa Medresesi’nin restorasyonu ve yeniden kullanımı için bir öneri

Abstract

Haydar Paşa Medresesi, Zeyrek'te, Cibali Mahallesi'nde, Haydar Caddesi ile Haydar Hamamı Sokağı'nın birleştiği köşede yer almaktadır. I.Süleyman dönemi vezirlerinden Hadım Haydar Paşa tarafından (1563-1564) tarihleri arasında yaptırılmıştır. Bu medresenin mimarından kaynaklarda bahsedilmemektedir. Ama külliyenin hamamının ve camisinin Mimar Sinan'a ait olması dolayısıyla medrese de aynı döneme ait olduğu için bu medresenin mimarının da Mimar Sinan olması büyük ihtimaldir. Haydar Paşa Medresesi 1980'e kadar Haydar Spor Kulübü olarak kullanılmıştır. 1982'de Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından bir aile bekçi olarak konulmuştur. 1997'de ise kapısına asma kilit vurularak terk edilmiştir. Bugün medrese yanındaki bina ile beraber Kur'an Kursu olarak Fatih Müftülüğüne bağlı Fatih Vakfı Derneği tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde medresenin yalnızca dershanesi ayaktadır. Tüm hücreleri yıkılmıştır. Medresede çeşitli nedenlerle zaman içinde meydana gelen değişim ve bozulmalar, rüzgar, yağmur, kar, güneş gibi doğal etkenlerin sebep olduğu sıva çatlakları ve dökülmeleri, çürüme, bitkilenme, metal malzemelerde korozyon, nemlenmeden kaynaklı sararmalar, taş duvarda boşalma, taş duvarda harç boşalması, siyah kabuk oluşumları, zemine yakın yerlerde yosunlaşmalar ve pencere sövelerinde kırılmalar ve kopmalar görülmektedir. Medresenin planı hakkında 1870’den öncesine ait hiçbir bilgiye ulaşılamamıştır. Aynı zamanda medresenin İstanbul'un çok yangın ve deprem geçiren mahallelerinden birinde bulunması nedeniyle çeşitli tarihlerde hasar görmüş olduğu bilinmektedir. Dershane, dershanenin karşısındaki kagir kalıntılar ve avlunun kuzey duvarına bakılarak, medresenin ilk tasarımında kagir olduğu düşünülmektedir. Fakat hasar gördükten sonra yıkılan kısımlar ahşaptan yapılmıştır. Bugün medresenin yalnızca dershanesi ayaktadır, tüm hücreleri yıkılmıştır. Medresenin yeniden hizmet edebilmesi için yapıya çeşitli onarım müdahaleleri uygulanmalıdır. Yapının duvarlarının sağlamlaştırılması ve bütünlenmesi, kemerlerin sağlamlaştırılması, dış cephe derzlerinin onarımı ve iç sıvaların yenilenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu işlemlerden sonra, uygun şekilde çelik konstrüksiyon yeni birimler eklenecektir. Yapının sürekli bakım halinde olabilmesi için kullanılması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle yapının özgün işlevi olan eğitim işlevini sürdürmesinin doğru olduğu düşünülmektedir. Haydarpaşa Medresesinin işlevlendirilmesinde iki temel nokta esas alınmıştır: Birincisi, eğitim ve kültür işleviyle eski medresenin kuruluş amacına bağlı kalmasıdır. İkincisi, İstanbul’da, Arap dünyası ve Arap Dili üzerine yapılacak araştırmalarda kaynak sağlamasıdır. Buna göre Haydarpaşa Medresesi’nin Arap Kültür ve Dili Çalışmaları Merkezi olarak işlevlendirilmesi ve onarılması önerilmiştir.

The Madrasah of Haydar Paşa is located at Zeyrek, in Cibali neighborhood and it is situated on the corner of Haydar Caddesi and Haydar Hamamı Street. The Madrasah of Haydar Pasha was built by Hadım Haydar Pasha who was one of the ministers of Sultan Süleyman I (1563-1564). The research shows that this madrasah is part of a big complex which contains a bath, mosque, and public fountain. The historical sources indicate that the bath, mosque, and the public fountain’s architect was Mimar Sinan, however, the architect of this madrasah is not known. So, it is very likely that the designer of this madrasah was Mimar Sinan since it was built during the same period as a part of the same complex. The main reason for the choice Haydar Pasha madrasah to be the topic of this thesis is the uniqueness of its location within the fabric of the walled city, as it is located at Zeyrek, which is one of the most important neighborhoods in Istanbul. And the madrasah is need of urgent rehabilitation and intervention. The goal of this thesis is to prevent this madrasah to deteriorate and collapse totally. And to make a full survey for the restoration and to suggest a proposal for the re-use of this madrasah. To reach the expected goal of the study, the work started by collecting all the available information from books, articles, old studies and old archival photos. After collecting data, a documentation for the current status started and during this phase plans, drawings and photographic survey for current status was prepared. Then a project for restoration suggested, which consists of several sub-phases. The first was the identification of the damage and building materials, then classifying them according to their magnitude and type, as well as preparing a list of the damaged items in need of urgent repair and data processing along with damage description. Then proposals for restoration and proper treatment of each element was made in addition to an implementation plan that describes the interventions and the details of the intervention such as reinforcement, restoration, and cleaning etc. Finally, rehabilitation study was done and this phase includes a proposal for the reuse the madrasah for a purpose close to its original function, without changing the original layout of the building. The Zeyrek area, over time, suffered from many fires and earthquakes. This caused the Madrasah of Haydar Pasha to be damaged several times. The original building of the madrasah was built from stone but the documents of 1940 show that the madrasah was partially renewed as timber structure in 1940 after fire and earthquakes damage. Also, the documents show that this madrasah includes one main entrance and 16 rooms at ground level. The madrasa which described as the “old tekke” on 1933 Pervititch Map was inhabited by Rumelian immigrants in 1917. Haydar Pasha madrasah was used as a Haydar Sports Club until 1980. In 1982 a family started to guard the madrasah by the General Directorate of Foundations. While in 1997, the gate of the madrasah was locked and it was abandoned. Today this madrasah, with a building next to it, is used by Fatih Foundation Association which is associated with Fatih Müftülüğü as a Qur'an school. Currently, only the “dershane” - lecture hall- of the madrasah is standing while all other cells are destroyed. Due to various effects through centuries, the building deteriorated. Natural effects such as wind, rain, snow, and the sun caused plaster cracks, spills, decay, vegetation, corrosion of metal materials, humidity, gaps in the walls, gaps in the mortar, black crust formation, algae near the ground, breaks in windows pilaster and cracks in walls were formed. For the plan of the madrasah, no information could be gathered about it before 1870. The madrasah was damaged on various dates. According to the remains of the north wall of the courtyard and the remains of a room, it's clear that the first design of this madrasah was stone masonry. After the damages, they reconstructed the collapsed units as timber structures. Today, only the dershane survives, all the cells are destroyed. In order for this madrasah to be able to serve again, various interventions must be implemented. Supporting and completing walls, strengthening window arches, repairing the mortar of exterior facades and renewing the internal plaster are the works which must be done. After finishing these works, new units from steel will be added in an appropriate way. The new units will be reveraible additions which can be removed easily when needed. The madrasah must be under constant maintenance. Maintaining the original function of education is a right decision for the sustainability. And fits original foundation aim. The Haydar Pasha madrasah rehabilitation work is based on two main points: Firstly: The function of education and culture must be taken into account to be in accordance with the original purpose of the establishment this madrasah. Secondly: To provide resources for research on the Arab world and Arabic language in Istanbul. It is suggested that the Haydarpaşa madrasah to be a “Center for Arab Culture and Language Studies”.