Virtual Birefringence Imaging and Histological Staining of Amyloid Deposits in Label-Free Tissue Using Autofluorescence Microscopy and Deep Learning
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2024Author
Yang, XilinBai, Bijie
Zhang, Yijie
Aydın, Musa
Li, Yuzhu
Selcuk, Sahan Yoruc
Costa, Paloma Casteleiro
Guo, Zhen
Fishbein, Gregory A.
Atlan, Karine
Wallace, William Dean
Pillar, Nir
Özcan, Aydoğan
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YANG, Xilin, Bijie BAI, Yijie ZHANG, Musa AYDIN, Yuzhu LI, Şahan Yoruç SELÇUK, Paloma Casteleiro COSTA, Zhen GUO, Gregory A. FISHBEIN, Karine ATLAN, William Dean WALLACE, Nir PILLAR & Aydoğan ÖZCAN. "Virtual Birefringence Imaging and Histological Staining of Amyloid Deposits in Label-Free Tissue Using Autofluorescence Microscopy and Deep Learning." Nature Communications, 15 (2024): 1-17.Abstract
Systemic amyloidosis involves the deposition of misfolded proteins in organs/
tissues, leading to progressive organ dysfunction and failure. Congo red is the
gold-standard chemical stain for visualizing amyloid deposits in tissue,
showing birefringence under polarization microscopy. However, Congo red
staining is tedious and costly to perform, and prone to false diagnoses due to
variations in amyloid amount, staining quality and manual examination of
tissue under a polarization microscope. We report virtual birefringence imaging
and virtual Congo red staining of label-free human tissue to show that a
single neural network can transform autofluorescence images of label-free
tissue into brightfield and polarized microscopy images, matching their histochemically
stained versions. Blind testing with quantitative metrics and
pathologist evaluations on cardiac tissue showed that our virtually stained
polarization and brightfield images highlight amyloid patterns in a consistent
manner, mitigating challenges due to variations in chemical staining quality
and manual imaging processes in the clinical workflow.