Multifunctional Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Guar Gum/CuO Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities: DTW-Assisted FTIR Spectral Analysis

Abstract

In recent years, with the advancement of technology, the development of purpose-built multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles incorporating biopolymeric matrices, with particular emphasis on elucidating their enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer properties for potential biomedical applications. In this study, the synthesis of multifunctional carboxymethyl cellulose/guar gum/copper oxide nanoparticles (CMC/GG/CuO NPs) and their antimicrobial and anticancer properties were evaluated, and dynamic time warping (DTW)-assisted Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to provide a comprehensive analysis of their chemical properties. Spherical NPs with an average diameter of 20 nm demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis (A. brasiliensis), Candida albicans (C. albicans), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Escherichia coli (E. coli), suggesting the protective potential of NPs coating applications. Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded CMC/GG/CuO NPs showed lower toxicity in healthy mouse fibroblast (3T3) cells compared to free PTX, while reducing viability to less than 20% in MCF-7, A549, and HCT-116 cancer cells at ≤1.5 μg/mL. The chemical properties of the NPs were analyzed using DTW-assisted FTIR comparisons, and the results showed that CMC/GG/CuO NPs are a promising platform for functional textile and biomedical applications.