MXene-Based Intelligent Bioelectronic Interfaces: Emerging Platforms for Sensing, Energy Storage, and Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

MXene nanomaterials have emerged as highly versatile two-dimensional materials, characterized by exceptional electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and easily modifiable surface chemistry. These attributes position MXenes as key materials in advancing intelligent bioelectronic interfaces. This review explores the synthesis techniques, structural features, and physicochemical characteristics of MXenes, highlighting their applicability across a range of fields. In the context of biosensing, MXenes’ large surface area and efficient charge transport enable precise and selective detection of biological molecules. In energy storage, devices incorporating MXenes such as flexible supercapacitors and microbatteries, demonstrate strong potential to fulfill the energy requirements of wearable and implantable bioelectronic systems. Additionally, MXenes provide biocompatible platforms in therapeutic biointerfaces that facilitate cellular stimulation and promote tissue repair. The advancement of intelligent, multifunctional MXene-based platforms supports their smooth integration with biological systems, enabling real-time sensing and responsive interventions. Despite these promising developments, challenges related to durability, scalable production, and maintaining biocompatibility pose barriers to clinical adoption. This review seeks to offer a thorough overview of the current advancements and future prospects of MXene-based bioelectronic interfaces.